Ⅰ-AsidhiKusvuta
1.- Tsanangudzo yeAcid-Pickling: Acids inoshandiswa kubvisa iron oxide scale nemakemikari pane imwe concentration, tembiricha, uye kumhanya, iyo inonzi pickling.
2.- Kupatsanura neAcid: Zvichienderana nerudzi rweacid, yakakamurwa kuita sulfuric acid pickling, hydrochloric acid pickling, nitric acid pickling, uye hydrofluoric acid pickling. Midziyo yakasiyana inofanirwa kusarudzwa yekubika zvichibva pane zvinhu zviri musimbi, zvakaita sekubika carbon steel nesulfuric acid nehydrochloric acid, kana kubika simbi isina tsvina nemusanganiswa wenitric acid nehydrofluoric acid.
Zvichienderana nechimiro chesimbi, yakakamurwa kuita waya yekuunganidza, forging pickling, steel plate pickling, strip pickling, nezvimwewo.
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemichina yekusvira, yakakamurwa kuita tangi rekusvira, semi continuous pickling, fully continuous pickling, uye tower pickling.
3.- Nheyo yekusanganisa acid: Kusanganisa acid inzira yekubvisa makwande esimbi kubva pamusoro pesimbi uchishandisa nzira dzemakemikari, saka inonziwo chemical acid pickling. Makwande esimbi (Fe203, Fe304, Fe0) anoumbwa pamusoro pemapaipi esimbi iokisijeni yesimbi isinganyungudike mumvura. Kana akanyudzwa muacid solution kana kupfapfaidzwa neacid solution pamusoro, aya makwande esimbi anogona kuchinja makemikari neacid.
Nekuda kwechimiro che oxide scale yakasununguka, ine maburi, uye yakatsemuka pamusoro pesimbi yecarbon structural kana low alloy steel, pamwe nekukombama kwakawanda kwe oxide scale pamwe chete ne strip steel panguva yekutwasanudza, kutwasanudza, uye kutakurwa pa pickling line, maburi aya e pore anowedzera uye anowedzera. Nokudaro, acid solution inosangana ne oxide scale nenzira yemakemikari uye inosanganawo nesimbi substrate iron kuburikidza ne cracks nema pores. Kureva kuti, pakutanga kwekusuka acid, maitiro matatu emakemikari pakati pe iron oxide scale ne metal iron ne acid solution zvinoitwa panguva imwe chete. Iron oxide scales inosangana ne chemical reaction ne acid uye inonyungudika (dissolution). Metal iron inosangana ne acid kuti igadzire hydrogen gasi, iyo inobvisa oxide scale nenzira ye mechanically (mechanical peeling effect). Iyo atomic hydrogen inogadzirwa inoderedza iron oxides kuita ferrous oxides dzinosangana ne acid reactions, uye yobva yasangana ne acids dzinofanira kubviswa (reduction).
Ⅱ-Kunzwa kusuruvara/Kusashanda/Kudzima kushanda
1.- Musimboti wePassivation: Maitiro epassivation anogona kutsanangurwa nedzidziso yefirimu rakatetepa, iyo inoratidza kuti pasiivation inokonzerwa nekudyidzana kuripo pakati pesimbi nezvinhu zvinooxidating, zvichigadzira firimu rakatetepa, rakakora, rakafukidzwa zvakanaka, uye rakanyatsonamira pamusoro pesimbi. Rutivi urwu rwefirimu ruripo sechikamu chakazvimiririra, kazhinji kacho musanganiswa wesimbi dzakaoxidized. Rinoita basa rekuparadzanisa simbi zvachose kubva kune inooxidized medium, richidzivirira simbi kuti isabatane neinooxidized medium, nokudaro richimisa kunyungudika kwesimbi uye kugadzira mamiriro epasipo kuti pave nemhedzisiro yekudzivirira ngura.
2.- Mabhenefiti ekushandisa passivation:
1) Zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzechinyakare dzekuvhara, kurapwa kwepasivati kune hunhu hwekusawedzera ukobvu hwebasa uye kushandura ruvara, kuvandudza kunyatsojeka uye kukosha kwechigadzirwa, zvichiita kuti kushanda kuve nyore;
2) Nekuda kwekusaita reactive kwemaitiro epassivation, passivation agent inogona kuwedzerwa kakawanda uye kushandiswa, zvichikonzera hupenyu hurefu uye mutengo usingadhuri.
3) Passivation inokurudzira kuumbwa kwefirimu re oxygen molecular structure passivation pamusoro pesimbi, iro rakanyatsosimba uye rinoshanda, uye rinozvigadzirisa mumhepo panguva imwe chete. Saka, kana tichienzanisa nenzira yechinyakare yekuputira oiri yekurwisa ngura, firimu re passivation rinoumbwa ne passivation rakagadzikana uye rinodzivirira ngura. Mazhinji emhedzisiro yechaji mu oxide layer ane chekuita zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga nemaitiro e thermal oxidation. Muhurefu hwekupisa hwe800-1250 ℃, maitiro e thermal oxidation achishandisa oxygen yakaoma, oxygen yakanyorova, kana mhute yemvura ine matanho matatu anoenderera mberi. Chekutanga, oxygen iri mumhepo yezvakatipoteredza inopinda mu oxide layer yakagadzirwa, uye ipapo oxygen inopararira mukati kuburikidza nesilicon dioxide. Kana yasvika paSi02-Si interface, inosangana nesilicon kuti igadzire silicon dioxide itsva. Nenzira iyi, maitiro anoenderera mberi e oxygen entry diffusion reaction anoitika, zvichiita kuti silicon iri pedyo ne interface irambe ichichinja kuita silica, uye oxide layer inokura ichienda mukati me silicon wafer neimwe nhanho.
Ⅲ-Kugadzira fosfeti
Kurapa nephosphate inzira yemakemikari inoita firimu (phosphate film) pamusoro. Maitiro ekurapa nephosphate anonyanya kushandiswa pamusoro pesimbi, nechinangwa chekupa firimu rekudzivirira kuti simbi isaparare kubva mumhepo uye kudzivirira ngura; Inogona zvakare kushandiswa sechinotangira zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvisati zvapendwa. Nechikamu ichi chefirimu rephosphate, inogona kuvandudza kunamira uye kuramba ngura kwechikamu chependi, kuvandudza hunhu hwekushongedza, uye kuita kuti pamusoro pesimbi pataridzike zvakanaka. Inogonawo kuita basa rekuzora mune mamwe maitiro ekushanda kwesimbi inotonhora.
Mushure mekurapwa kwephosphate, workpiece haizooxidize kana kuita ngura kwenguva yakareba, saka kushandiswa kwe phosphate therapy kwakakura zvikuru uye inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekurapa pamusoro pesimbi. Iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai semotokari, ngarava, uye kugadzira michina.
1.- Kupatsanura uye kushandisa phosphating
Kazhinji, kurapwa pamusoro pemvura kunoratidza ruvara rwakasiyana, asi kurapwa kwe phosphate kunogona kuenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo nekushandisa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana ye phosphate kuratidza mavara akasiyana. Ndosaka tichiwanzoona kurapwa kwe phosphate mu grey, ruvara, kana dema.
Kuisa simbi mufosfati: mushure mekuisa simbi mufosfati, pamusoro payo pacharatidza ruvara rwemufosfati nebhuruu, saka inonziwo phosphorus yeruvara. Mushonga wekuisa simbi mufosfati unonyanya kushandisa molybdate sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, izvo zvinoumba firimu rekuisa simbi mufosfati yeruvara rwemufosfati pamusoro pezvinhu zvesimbi, uye unonyanya kushandiswa kupenda jira repasi, kuitira kuti workpiece isarambe ichiramba ngura uye kunatsiridza kunamira kwependi yepamusoro.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-10-2024